‘There’s rosemary, that’s for remembrance; pray, love, remember: and there is pansies. That’s for thoughts.’ -Hamlet
Plants are way more than just pretty decor, a friendly gift or a nice smell that fills the room. Plants and flowers symbolize emotions, ideas and actions, and each one of them has its very own meaning. Evidence for plant and flower symbolism appears in literature, art and folklore as early as the Ancient Greeks, and the symbolic language of flowers has been recognized for centuries in many countries throughout Europe, Asia, and beyond. Plants were assigned meanings in the Bible, throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance (including Shakespearean plays) up to today’s modern day culture. After all, almost every sentiment imaginable can be expressed with flowers. Bluebells are associated with kindness, rosemary with remembrance, and tulips with passion…
During the 1800s, deciphering plant symbolism became a popular pastime, even more so after Joseph Hammer-Purgstall’s „Dictionnaire du language des fleurs“ was published in 1809. The book was found in nearly all Victorian homes alongside the Bible. In this era, flowers were used to deliver messages that couldn’t be spoken out loud. They served as a silent dialogue and could be used to answer „yes“ or „no“ questions. „Yes“ could come in form of flowers handed over with the right hand, while the left hand meant „no“. But of course flower discourses could also get way more complex than that and express aversive feelings, such as the “conceit” of pomegranate or the “bitterness” of aloe. If someone passed a rose to declare an unwanted „devotion“ or an apple blossom to show their „preference“ one would hand back the undesired suitor a yellow carnation to express their „disdain“.